1. Kev txhais lus
Lub Internet ntawm Tej Yam (IoT) yog "Internet txuas txhua yam", uas yog kev txuas ntxiv thiab nthuav dav ntawm Is Taws Nem. Nws muab ntau yam khoom siv ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas nrog lub network los tsim ib lub network loj, ua kom pom kev sib txuas ntawm tib neeg, tshuab thiab khoom txhua lub sijhawm thiab txhua qhov chaw.
Lub Internet ntawm Yam yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tiam tshiab ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis. Kev lag luam IT tseem hu ua paninterconnection, uas txhais tau tias txuas cov khoom thiab txhua yam. Yog li ntawd, "Lub Internet ntawm Yam yog Internet ntawm yam txuas nrog". Qhov no muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: thawj zaug, lub hauv paus thiab lub hauv paus ntawm Internet ntawm Yam tseem yog Internet, uas yog lub network txuas ntxiv thiab nthuav dav saum toj ntawm Internet. Qhov thib ob, nws sab neeg siv khoom txuas ntxiv mus rau txhua yam khoom ntawm cov khoom rau kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib txuas lus. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab lus ntawm Internet ntawm yam yog los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas zaus xov tooj cua, infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), xws li laser scanner cov ntaub ntawv sensing device, raws li daim ntawv cog lus, rau txhua yam khoom txuas nrog Internet, kev sib pauv ntaub ntawv thiab kev sib txuas lus, kom paub txog kev txheeb xyuas ntse, qhov chaw, taug qab thiab saib xyuas thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub network.
2. Kev Siv Tshuab Tseem Ceeb
2.1 Kev Txheeb Xyuas Zaus Xov Tooj Cua
RFID yog ib lub tshuab wireless yooj yim uas muaj ib lub tshuab nug (lossis nyeem ntawv) thiab ntau lub transponders (lossis tags). Cov cim npe yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov chips. Txhua lub cim npe muaj ib qho code hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntawv nkag ntev, txuas rau ntawm yam khoom kom paub txog yam khoom lub hom phiaj. Nws xa cov ntaub ntawv xov tooj cua mus rau tus nyeem ntawv los ntawm lub antenna, thiab tus nyeem ntawv yog lub cuab yeej uas nyeem cov ntaub ntawv. RFID thev naus laus zis tso cai rau cov khoom "tham". Qhov no muab rau Internet ntawm yam khoom ib qho feature taug qab. Nws txhais tau tias tib neeg tuaj yeem paub qhov chaw tseeb ntawm cov khoom thiab lawv ib puag ncig txhua lub sijhawm. Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas muag khoom ntawm Sanford C. Bernstein kwv yees tias qhov feature ntawm Internet ntawm Yam RFID no tuaj yeem txuag Wal-Mart $ 8.35 billion ib xyoos, feem ntau ntawm nws yog cov nqi ua haujlwm uas yog los ntawm tsis tas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov lej nkag los ntawm tes. RFID tau pab kev lag luam muag khoom daws ob qho teeb meem loj tshaj plaws: tsis muaj khoom thiab pov tseg (cov khoom poob rau kev tub sab thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov saw hlau). Wal-mart poob ze li ntawm $ 2 billion ib xyoos rau kev tub sab xwb.
2.2 Cov Txheej Txheem Micro - Electro - Mechanical
MEMS yog lub npe luv rau micro-electro-mechanical Systems. Nws yog ib lub micro-device system uas muaj micro-sensor, micro-actuator, signal processing thiab control circuit, communication interface thiab power supply. Nws lub hom phiaj yog los koom ua ke kev tau txais, kev ua thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv ib lub multi-functional micro-system, koom ua ke rau hauv ib lub system loj, kom txhim kho qib ntawm automation, kev txawj ntse thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub system. Nws yog ib lub sensor dav dav dua. Vim tias MEMS muab lub neej tshiab rau cov khoom ib txwm muaj, lawv muaj lawv tus kheej cov channel xa cov ntaub ntawv, cov haujlwm khaws cia, cov operating systems thiab cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb, yog li tsim ib lub network sensor loj heev. Qhov no tso cai rau Internet of Things los saib xyuas thiab tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias tsav tsheb qaug cawv, yog tias lub tsheb thiab lub qhov rooj hluav taws xob tau cog nrog cov sensors me me, yog li thaum tus neeg tsav tsheb qaug cawv rho tawm lub qhov rooj tsheb, lub qhov rooj los ntawm lub sensor ntxhiab tuaj yeem ntes tau ib qho ntxhiab ntawm cawv, lub teeb liab wireless tam sim ntawd ceeb toom rau lub tsheb "tsis txhob pib", lub tsheb yuav nyob rau hauv lub xeev so. Tib lub sijhawm ntawd, nws "txiav txim" tus tsav tsheb lub xov tooj ntawm tes kom xa cov lus rau nws cov phooj ywg thiab cov txheeb ze, qhia rau lawv txog qhov chaw ntawm tus tsav tsheb thiab ceeb toom lawv kom daws qhov teeb meem sai li sai tau. Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua "khoom" hauv lub ntiaj teb Internet of Things.
2.3 Tshuab-rau-Tshuab/Tib Neeg
M2M, luv rau tshuab-rau-tshuab /Txiv neej, yog ib daim ntawv thov thiab kev pabcuam networked nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntse ntawm Tshuab terminals ua lub hauv paus. Nws yuav ua rau cov khoom ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntse. M2M thev naus laus zis muaj tsib qhov tseem ceeb: tshuab, M2M kho vajtse, kev sib txuas lus network, middleware thiab daim ntawv thov. Raws li lub platform computing huab thiab lub network ntse, kev txiav txim siab tuaj yeem ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm sensor network, thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev tawm tswv yim. Piv txwv li, cov neeg laus nyob hauv tsev hnav cov moos uas muaj cov sensors ntse, cov menyuam yaus nyob rau lwm qhov chaw tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas lawv niam lawv txiv cov ntshav siab, lub plawv dhia ruaj khov txhua lub sijhawm los ntawm xov tooj ntawm tes; Thaum tus tswv nyob hauv chaw ua haujlwm, lub sensor yuav kaw dej, hluav taws xob thiab qhov rooj thiab qhov rais, thiab xa cov lus rau tus tswv lub xov tooj ntawm tes tsis tu ncua los qhia txog qhov xwm txheej kev nyab xeeb.
2.4 Kev siv computer
Kev suav huab (cloud computing) lub hom phiaj yog los koom ua ke ntau lub tshuab xam zauv uas pheej yig rau hauv ib lub kaw lus zoo meej nrog lub peev xwm xam zauv muaj zog los ntawm lub network, thiab siv cov qauv lag luam siab heev kom cov neeg siv kawg tuaj yeem tau txais cov kev pabcuam xam zauv muaj zog no. Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev suav huab yog los txhim kho lub peev xwm ua tiav ntawm "huab", txo qhov hnyav ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg, thiab thaum kawg ua kom nws yooj yim rau hauv lub cuab yeej nkag thiab tawm yooj yim, thiab txaus siab rau lub peev xwm xam zauv thiab kev ua tiav ntawm "huab" thaum xav tau. Txheej kev paub ntawm Internet of Things tau txais ntau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab tom qab xa mus los ntawm txheej network, muab tso rau ntawm lub platform txheem, thiab tom qab ntawd siv kev suav huab ua haujlwm siab los ua tiav nws thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv txawj ntse no, yog li thaum kawg hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov neeg siv kawg.
3. Daim Ntawv Thov
3.1 Lub Tsev Ntse
Lub tsev ntse yog qhov kev siv IoT yooj yim hauv tsev. Nrog rau kev nrov ntawm cov kev pabcuam broadband, cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntse koom nrog txhua yam. Tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv tsev, siv tau xov tooj ntawm tes thiab lwm yam khoom siv los tswj cua txias ntse, kho qhov kub hauv chav, thiab kawm tus neeg siv tus cwj pwm, kom ua tiav kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias tsis siv neeg, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem mus tsev thaum lub caij ntuj sov kub kom txaus siab rau qhov xis nyob ntawm qhov txias; Los ntawm tus neeg siv kom paub txog qhov hloov ntawm cov teeb ntse, tswj qhov kaj thiab xim ntawm cov teeb, thiab lwm yam; Lub qhov (socket) Wifi ua ke, tuaj yeem paub txog lub sijhawm qhib lossis kaw lub qhov (socket) tswj chaw taws teeb, txawm tias tuaj yeem saib xyuas kev siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv, tsim daim ntawv qhia hluav taws xob kom koj tuaj yeem paub meej txog kev siv hluav taws xob, npaj kev siv cov peev txheej thiab nyiaj txiag; Lub ntsuas ntse rau kev saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tawm dag zog. Lub koob yees duab ntse, lub qhov rais/qhov rooj sensors, lub tswb qhov rooj ntse, cov khoom ntes pa luam yeeb, lub tswb ntse thiab lwm yam khoom siv saib xyuas kev ruaj ntseg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tsev neeg. Koj tuaj yeem tawm mus raws sijhawm los xyuas qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm txhua lub ces kaum ntawm lub tsev txhua lub sijhawm thiab qhov chaw, thiab txhua yam kev pheej hmoo kev ruaj ntseg. Lub neej hauv tsev neeg zoo li tsis lom zem tau dhau los ua qhov so thiab zoo nkauj dua ua tsaug rau IoT.
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3.2 Kev Thauj Mus Los Txawj Ntse
Kev siv thev naus laus zis Internet of Things hauv kev tsheb khiav ntawm txoj kev tau loj hlob tuaj lawm. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov tsheb sib tham, kev sib tsoo lossis kev tuag tes tuag taw tau dhau los ua teeb meem loj hauv cov nroog. Kev saib xyuas lub sijhawm tiag tiag ntawm cov xwm txheej tsheb khiav ntawm txoj kev thiab kev xa cov ntaub ntawv raws sijhawm rau cov tsav tsheb, yog li cov tsav tsheb ua qhov kev hloov kho raws sijhawm, ua kom txo qhov kev nyuaj siab ntawm txoj kev; Lub kaw lus them nqi txoj kev tsis siv neeg (ETC luv luv) tau teeb tsa ntawm cov kev sib tshuam ntawm txoj kev loj, uas txuag lub sijhawm ntawm kev tau txais thiab xa daim npav rov qab ntawm qhov nkag thiab tawm thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov tsheb. Lub kaw lus teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb npav tuaj yeem nkag siab txog txoj kev tsheb npav thiab lub sijhawm tuaj txog raws sijhawm, thiab cov neeg caij tsheb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab mus ncig raws li txoj kev, kom tsis txhob muaj kev nkim sijhawm tsis tsim nyog. Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov tsheb sib tham, ntxiv rau kev coj kev nyuaj siab ntawm txoj kev, kev nres tsheb kuj tseem yog teeb meem tseem ceeb. Ntau lub nroog tau tsim lub kaw lus tswj kev nres tsheb ntawm ntug kev ntse, uas yog raws li lub platform huab xam thiab sib xyaw Internet of Things thev naus laus zis thiab thev naus laus zis them nyiaj ntawm tes los sib koom cov peev txheej nres tsheb thiab txhim kho kev siv chaw nres tsheb thiab kev yooj yim ntawm tus neeg siv. Lub kaw lus tuaj yeem sib xws nrog hom xov tooj ntawm tes thiab hom kev txheeb xyuas zaus RADIO. Los ntawm cov software mobile APP, nws tuaj yeem nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv nres tsheb thiab qhov chaw nres tsheb raws sijhawm, ua kev tseg chaw ua ntej thiab paub txog kev them nyiaj thiab lwm yam haujlwm, uas feem ntau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm "kev nres tsheb nyuaj, kev nres tsheb nyuaj".
3.3 Kev Ruaj Ntseg Rau Peb Sawv Daws
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev hloov pauv huab cua thoob ntiaj teb tshwm sim ntau zaus, thiab qhov tshwm sim sai sai thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev puas tsuaj tau nce ntxiv. Lub Is Taws Nem tuaj yeem saib xyuas kev tsis ruaj ntseg ntawm ib puag ncig hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag, tiv thaiv ua ntej, muab kev ceeb toom ntxov hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab ua cov kev ntsuas raws sijhawm los txo qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg lub neej thiab khoom vaj khoom tsev. Thaum ntxov li xyoo 2013, University of Buffalo tau tshaj tawm qhov project Internet hauv hiav txwv tob, uas siv cov sensors tshwj xeeb uas tau ua tiav tso rau hauv hiav txwv tob los tshuaj xyuas cov xwm txheej hauv qab dej, tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj hauv dej hiav txwv, nrhiav pom cov peev txheej hauv qab dej, thiab txawm tias muab cov lus ceeb toom txhim khu kev qha rau tsunami. Qhov project tau sim ua tiav hauv ib lub pas dej hauv zos, muab lub hauv paus rau kev nthuav dav ntxiv. Lub thev naus laus zis Internet ntawm Yam tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas ntawm huab cua, av, hav zoov, cov peev txheej dej thiab lwm yam, uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho tib neeg ib puag ncig.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Hli-08-2021